Daily picks · 10月23日

区分自然与非自然敬畏的不同路径，并给出包装与属性提示等可操作建议。

Why selected: 平均 55 分，低于来源门槛 60

本研究通过5个实验考察了不同类型的敬畏对青少年健康饮食偏好的影响机制及其效应优化策略。结果发现,相比中性情绪,积极自然敬畏通过增强自然联结促进健康饮食,非自然敬畏则通过提升解释水平发挥正向作用。基于此,本研究进一步发现,在积极自然敬畏情绪下,突出健康食品的自然属性或使用自然色包装,可进一步增强其积极效应;在非自然敬畏情绪下,通过强调食品的远期健康益处或呈现远景整体形象凸显其高解释水平特征时,可更有...

Acta Psychologica Sinica

用图论与MVPA比较因果和让步连词，把话语连贯从行为层面推进到网络组织层面。

Why selected: 平均 50 分，低于来源门槛 60

连词通过标示话语单元间的语义关系引导读者构建连贯的心理表征。因果连词“因为”与让步连词“尽管”代表两种认知性质截然不同的话语关系,但已有研究多关注单一脑区激活或两两连接,对两者在脑网络整体组织层面的差异缺乏系统考察。本研究结合fMRI、图论网络分析与多变量模式分析(MVPA),基于2(连接词类型:因果vs.让步)×2(语义一致性:一致vs.冲突)被试内设计,考察汉语母语者处理不同句式语义冲突时的脑...

Acta Psychologica Sinica

揭示工作记忆表征的动态激活如何调节注意捕获，修正静态存储的假设。

Why selected: 平均 53 分，低于来源门槛 60

工作记忆(WM)表征的存储是动态变化的,这种动态变化如何影响视觉搜索尚不清楚。本研究通过在保持阶段呈现视觉脉冲刺激操纵WM表征激活,探讨注意捕获范式下WM表征存储动态对注意引导的影响。结果发现,呈现视觉脉冲刺激时基于WM的注意捕获效应低于不呈现该刺激;视觉脉冲刺激呈现早时,基于WM的注意捕获效应高于视觉脉冲刺激呈现晚和不呈现视觉脉冲刺激时。脑电解码发现,呈现视觉脉冲刺激后, WM表征得到激活,但随...

Acta Psychologica Sinica

整合内部评估与环境两派解释，为价不对称提供可检验的形式化模型。

Academic Abstract Valence asymmetries —the tendency for bad stimuli to elicit more processing effort than good ones—have been widely observed but remain theoretically contested. To advance this debate, we present a formalized account integrating two major explanatory perspectives: the intrapsychic (or phylogenetic ) approach, which locates the effect in internal evaluative mechanisms, and the ecological (or ontogenetic ) approach, which attributes it primarily to environmental factors. We introduce a concise set of parameters to specify key concepts and analyze the argumentative structure of each perspective. This yields three major insights: (a) the traditional labels for these approaches are misleading, and we suggest using valence-driven and distinctiveness-driven instead, (b) theories must specify how exactly good and bad stimuli are defined, and (c) some explanations rely on implicit yet critical assumptions, such as the probability of having contact with stimuli. Clarifying these foundations provides a framework for informative empirical tests in future research. Public Abstract Why do people pay more attention to bad things than to good ones? Psychologists call this pattern a valence asymmetry . Although the effect is well established, its causes are still debated. To advance this debate, we translate two leading ideas about this bias into a precise mathematical model. This allows us to see how the explanations differ, what each predicts, and where they overlap. This analysis reveals three important insights: First, some widely used terms are misleading, and we suggest using clearer alternatives like valence-driven and distinctiveness-driven instead. Second, researchers need to define more carefully what actually counts as good or bad . Third, many theories rely on hidden assumptions—such as how often people encounter certain kinds of stimuli. Making those assumptions explicit should help future studies test competing explanations more directly.

Personality and Social Psychology Review ｜ 不良刺激, 价值不对称, 好处, 提前讨论, 账户问题

上行同化与上行对比方向相反，说明被动使用并非简单损害幸福感。

Why selected: 平均 45 分，低于来源门槛 65

为探讨被动性社交媒体使用与青少年主观幸福感的关系，采用问卷法对558名中学生进行调查。结果显示，被动性使用与主观幸福感的关系在整体以及初高中样本中均不显著。上行同化在被动性使用与主观幸福感之间发挥正向间接作用，该间接作用在整体以及初中生样本中显著。上行对比在二者间发挥负向间接作用，该间接作用在整体以及初高中样本中均显著。乐商正向调节被动性使用与上行同化的关系，该调节作用在整体以及初中生样本中显著。...

Journal of Psychological Techniques and Applications

以潜在剖面识别三类学生，提示干预需按依赖与调节组合分层。

Why selected: 平均 44 分，低于来源门槛 65

为探讨大学生问题性社交媒体使用和意向性自我调节的潜在类别，并分析其与学校联结的关系，对1884名大学生进行问卷调查。结果发现：（1）大学生问题性社交媒体使用和意向性自我调节的潜在剖面分为低依赖-高调节型、中依赖-中调节型及高依赖-低调节型；（2）不同性别、年级、独生情况在不同潜在类别上存在显著差异；（3）以低依赖-高调节型为参照组，低教师支持的大学生更可能出现高依赖-低调节型和中依赖-中调节型，低...

Journal of Psychological Techniques and Applications

BLOOM模型把性别差异放回学习机会与发展轨迹中，挑战生物决定论解释。

Academic Abstract Gender differences in sexuality are often attributed to evolved biological differences organized before adolescence or experiential ones learned afterward—neglecting learning that endures because it is evolutionarily expected, and we are biologically sensitized to it. Here, we present the Biodevelopmental Learning Opportunities and Outcomes Model (BLOOM) of gender differences in sexuality, arguing women’s lower interest in sex originates not from unequal capacities to want/desire it, but unequal opportunities to like/enjoy sex when biospsychosocially primed to learn from it. We synthesize evidence indicating sex is least equal in adolescence, offering the greatest costs and fewest rewards to women/girls who debut with men/boys (WDM). Concomitantly, it is most teachable in adolescence, when a window of opportunity for sexual incentive learning may open, particularly among individuals with heightened sexual plasticity/learning aptitude (i.e., women/girls). Implications for distinguishing gender differences in sexuality from experience-contingent similarities, and realizing equal sexual rights, education, and health are discussed. Public Abstract Gender differences in sexual enjoyment are among the largest in psychology and have remained so over decades despite other advances in gender equality. The gender gap in sexual pleasure, for example, has gained widespread attention and is increasingly discussed as an explanation for gender differences in sexuality. Here, we spotlight the largest, but least discussed, gender gap in sexual enjoyment: the developmental gap. We review evidence that adolescence is not simply a vulnerable period for sexual health, but a window of opportunity for learning to have healthy, enjoyable, and desirable sex—and one wherein equal opportunity is lacking. We propose women get the least equitable sex during this window, when they are primed to learn from it, and this learning informs sexual interest thereafter, generating acquired differences that are often mistaken for inborn ones. We close with recommendations for ensuring equal opportunities for healthy sex and sexual health across genders.

Personality and Social Psychology Review ｜ Gender Differences, Differences Sexuality, Learning, Least Equal, Women Girls

将主动推理扩展到自我表征，为身份与体验提供统一的贝叶斯框架。

Academic Abstract Active inference is an integrative theoretical framework that models the nervous system as a statistical engine for predicting and regulating sensory input. Within this framework, perception and behavior work toward the same imperative: minimizing uncertainty. The current article extends this approach to the inferences social agents make about themselves as both subjects and objects of experience. The resulting model conceptualizes “The Game of Self” as a continuous Bayesian updating of episodic and semantic self-representations in order to reduce self-related uncertainty. The model proposes a bidirectional predictive loop that evolves over time—semantic representations of identity guide the construction of episodic experience, while those experiences, in turn, shape semantic self-categorization. In both directions, the self-representations that emerge through active inference are those with the highest posterior probabilities given situational evidence. The article explores how episodic and semantic self-representations are continuously shaped by a dynamic and adaptive process of Bayesian inference. Public Abstract Who am I? What am I feeling? What should I do? These are fundamental questions that people ask themselves throughout their lives—and the answers can shape everything from small decisions to major life changes. But how do we come to know ourselves in the face of social and personal uncertainty? This article examines how the brain uses statistical modeling to make sense of identity and experience in an uncertain world. It introduces the concept of “The Game of Self”—an ongoing cycle between who we think we are and what we’re experiencing. Our beliefs about who we are shape what we experience, and our experiences shape who we think we are. In each moment, our sense of self is the brain’s best statistical guess about our current identity and lived experience. This framework offers new ways to think about selfhood—not as fixed, but as adaptive and responsive.

Personality and Social Psychology Review ｜ 主动推理, 语义学, 游戏自我, 经验, 片段式认知

厘清外在空间参照激活SNARC的条件，为具身认知争论提供边界证据。

Why selected: 平均 35 分，低于来源门槛 65

通过两个实验考察了在没有自我中心参照激活的情况下，空间-数字反应编码联合（SpatialNumerical Association of Response Codes, SNARC）效应外在空间参照的激活条件。实验1使用视觉形式呈现的建筑物图片作为外在空间参照的外部参照点。结果显示，图手一致性对SNARC效应无显著影响，表明外在空间参照未被激活或激活强度不足以干扰SNARC效应。实验2在实验1基础...

Journal of Psychological Techniques and Applications

院校高层人事变动信息，供关注机构动态的从业者参考。

Brad O’Hara named Provost and Senior Vice President; Damon L. Williams, Jr. named Vice President of University Relations and Chief of Staff to the President The post Adler University Strengthens Its Executive Leadership with Two Senior Appointments appeared first on Adler University.

Adler University News ｜ Adlerian & Individual Psychology ｜ Adler University, University Strengthens, Strengthens Its, Its Executive, Executive Leadership