Daily picks · 11月1日

把元分析焦点从均值与排序转向方差，补上毕生人格发展的一块空白。

Why selected: 整合362项纵向研究近40万人，发现人格特质方差终生总体稳定，仅神经质与外向性有阶段性变化。

Although personality traits are relatively stable compared to other constructs, comprehensive meta-analyses have shown that the mean-levels and rank-orders of personality traits change throughout the lifespan. In contrast, relatively little is known about whether and how the variance of personality traits develops with age. Examining changes in personality trait variance is, however, critical to contextualize knowledge on mean-level changes, to identify disruptive life phases, to evaluate the changes in predictive utility of personality traits, and to advance personality development theories. The present meta-analysis thus integrated research from 362 longitudinal studies (Ntotal = 398,124) to identify changes in personality trait variance across time and age. We found remarkable stability of personality variance for all traits, indicating that, at the population level, people neither get more different nor more alike across the lifespan. The only deviations from this pattern were variance increases in neuroticism during late childhood and early adolescence (5 to 14 years) and variance decreases in extraversion during middle and late adulthood (45 to 80 years). Notably, though, effect sizes differed substantially across studies and measures. Our results provide novel insights into the lifespan development of personality traits that can be used to advance theoretical frameworks and inform practical applications. Furthermore, by providing benchmark values for the comparison of effect size estimates of future studies (https://personalityresearch.shinyapps.io/VarianceChange/), we aim to facilitate more systematic and cumulative research on variance changes in psychological traits.

Psychological Bulletin ｜ 人格, 变异, 特质, 变化, 贯穿一生

罗伊新作的学术书评，可供了解其思想脉络与写作定位。

Why selected: 平均 10 分，低于来源门槛 60

Arundhati Roy's latest book, Mother Mary Comes to Me, is an infusion of

Feminism & Psychology ｜ Mother Mary, Mary Comes, Book, Roy, Arundhati

元分析厘清空间技能与科学成就关联的强度、调节因素及增量效度。

Why selected: 元分析量化空间技能与科学成绩的中等相关，并揭示其独立于数学与言语技能。

Although extensive research demonstrates positive links between spatial skills and science achievement, the size and nature of this relation is unknown. Questions regarding whether the relation varies based on educational level and gender, across different spatial tasks and science domains, and if it persists over time remain. Additionally, the extent to which this link stands after accounting for related skill sets, specifically mathematical and verbal skills, presents another important question. We conducted a meta-analysis with the following aims: (a) to identify the overall correlation between spatial skills and science achievement; (b) to examine the extent to which the spatial-science relation is moderated by gender, educational level, type of spatial skill assessed, domain of science, and time between assessments; and (c) to determine the strength of the association after accounting for mathematical and verbal skills. Our analysis focused on samples from kindergarten to undergraduates and included a total of 94 article reports (total averaged N = 14,851.59). Results revealed a moderate positive association between spatial skills and science achievement (r = .27, τ = .12) that did not vary by gender, educational level, science domain, or time between assessments. That said, the relation did vary by type of spatial skill. Additionally, spatial skills were significantly associated with science achievement, even when mathematical and verbal skills were included as simultaneous predictors. These findings suggest that spatial skills may represent a promising target for supporting science learning outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychological Bulletin ｜ 空间技能, 科学, 成就, 关系, 数学言语

229项纵向研究量化人格变化个体差异的幅度及其随年龄、间隔的波动。

Why selected: 整合229项纵向研究量化人格特质变化的个体差异，为发展研究与测量比较提供基准。

Recent meta-analyses and large-scale longitudinal studies have shown that the mean levels and rank orders of personality traits change throughout the lifespan. However, people differ from each other in their patterns of personality development. These individual differences in personality trait changes provide important insights into the sources and course of personality development. The present meta-analysis quantified the magnitude of individual differences in personality trait changes and their fluctuation across time lags and age by integrating findings from 229 longitudinal studies (N = 230,492). Results indicated significant individual differences in change in all traits, with neuroticism showing the most pronounced differences and openness and agreeableness the least. Charting effects across the lifespan, individual differences in change were most pronounced in childhood, decreased during young adulthood, but were significant across the entire lifespan. The age at which individual differences in change were smallest varied across traits, from ages 30 to 75. Finally, individual differences in personality trait changes were larger over longer assessment intervals, for facet-level traits, and among measures that were not designed to examine the Big Five taxonomy. Our findings support theoretical claims that highlight the relevance of genetic and environmental sources of personality development and suggest that individual differences in change endure, challenging the predictions of set-point models of personality development. Moreover, our results provide benchmarks for individual differences in change that can be used to compare the magnitude of differential personality development in future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychological Bulletin ｜ 个体差异, 人格, 特质变化, 跨, 差异变化

指出LLM提取效应量等数值变量的短板，并提出上下文工程的改进路径。

Why selected: 平均 49 分，低于来源门槛 60

. Their findings indicated that while achieving acceptable-to-good accuracy for some variables describing study characteristics, LLMs struggled with numerical variables, especially those related to effect sizes. In this commentary, we discuss the current challenges of automated data extraction and potential pathways to improve the work reported in Jansen et al.'s study. We situate our discussion within the framework of context engineering, aiming to refine the information provided to LLMs through dynamic optimization strategies tailored to specific tasks. We identify five key challenges that reflect either LLMs' unique patterns or standard practices in research synthesis: parsing semistructured data, understanding long contexts, performing arithmetic induction, engaging in complex reasoning, and ensuring the reproducibility of coding protocols. We then outline potential solutions inspired by context engineering implementations such as retrieval-augmented generation and tool-integrated reasoning. For illustration, we present four examples: extracting semistructured data via optical character recognition, reliably computing effect sizes through function calls, performing adaptive retrieval with LLM-based agents, and iteratively improving outputs through self-refinement. We conclude by calling for future research in automated data extraction to advance beyond simple instruction-following paradigms toward more reliable forms of context engineering. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychological Bulletin ｜ 上下文工程, 数据提取, 挑战, 大语言模型, 半结构化数据

60位残障女性与非二元者的定性调查，揭示选衣购物中的排斥结构。

Why selected: 平均 45 分，低于来源门槛 60

Research on Disabled fashion has largely focused on adaptive clothing, limited research has explored physically Disabled women's experiences of shopping for and choosing clothing, and whether and how such experiences are part of their everyday encounters with ableism and hostile environments. The current study extends the small body of literature on this topic by qualitatively surveying 60 physically Disabled women and nonbinary people about their experiences of shopping for and choosing clothing. Participants were restricted and disabled by the built environment of towns, cities, and shops, the designed environment of shop interiors, the near environment of clothing, and the ableist perceptions and behaviours of others. The ways shopping experiences reinforced compulsory able-bodiedness left many participants feeling dehumanised. Participants also felt a profound sense of loss at having to prioritise the practicality of clothing over aesthetic preferences and identity expression.

Feminism & Psychology ｜ 购物, 残疾人士, 女性残疾人, 体验活动, 服装

以注册报告为教学案例，帮助学生具体理解分析灵活性从何而来。

Why selected: 平均 47 分，低于来源门槛 60

Introduction Analytical flexibility describes the multiple defensible analytic strategies researchers can use. Registered reports reduce analytical flexibility by requiring a two-stage submission process, in which journals provide an in-principle acceptance after Stage 1. Statement of the Problem Open science is a key concept for undergraduate psychology students but relies on an understanding of analytical flexibility. Limited examples exist that integrate analytical flexibility and open science in psychology undergraduate education. Literature Review The present article provides an example learning activity where students read a Stage 1 registered report, receive the data, and implement the analysis plan as described. In an example implementation, students gave a 10-min oral presentation of their results, then compared them with the final Stage 2 manuscript and those of other students. Teaching Implications We provide example materials and identify registered reports with analytical approaches appropriate for undergraduate students. This project could be integrated into advanced undergraduate or graduate courses in research methods, statistics, or laboratory work. Conclusion Activities that use registered reports or preregistrations can help students achieve multiple important learning outcomes, including understanding the impact of analytical flexibility, the advantages and limitations of open science practice, and the use of statistical methods with real data.

Teaching of Psychology ｜ 分析性灵活性, 学生, 注册用户, 开放科学, 舞台技术

用跨理论模型追踪肺癌筛查及结果对戒烟阶段转化的动态影响。

Why selected: 平均 55 分，低于来源门槛 60

目的 基于跨理论模型（TTM）探讨肺癌筛查及筛查结果对中老年吸烟者戒烟意愿阶段转化的动态影响。方法 于2020年基线时期及2021和2023年对马鞍山市参与社区肺癌筛查的中老年吸烟者开展随访调查，收集其基线及随访期间的基本人口学资料、吸烟行为及戒烟状况等信息。利用累积链接混合模型（CLMM）分析筛查时间、肺结节性质及其交互作用对戒烟意愿阶段的影响，并按吸烟包年数进行分层分析。结果 随访期间，研究对...

Chinese Journal of Public Health

列出STP两类年度奖项得主，可作教学与服务卓越的参照样本。

Why selected: 平均 26 分，低于来源门槛 60

The Society for the Teaching of Psychology (STP) recognizes Excellence in Service to faculty who have demonstrated significant contributions to civic engagement, teacher mentorship, and the promotion of diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging. STP also recognizes Excellence in Teaching through six different awards for teachers of psychology at different career stages and various kinds of institutions. Here we highlight the award recipients for 2025 and 2026.

Teaching of Psychology ｜ Teaching, Award Recipients, Stp Recognizes, Recognizes Excellence, Psychology

用后结构主义女性主义视角审视追踪APP如何塑造围绝经期身体管理。

Why selected: 平均 53 分，低于来源门槛 60

Perimenopause is often marked by unpredictable bodily changes. This unpredictability sits in tension with dominant cultural discourses that valorise self-discipline, control, and health optimisation. In this context, menstruation tracking apps are promoted as tools for self-management through bodily surveillance, reinforcing a “mythical norm” of bodily control and stability. Using cooperative inquiry, within a poststructuralist feminist framework, we explored how 24 perimenopausal people in Aotearoa New Zealand discussed their menstruation tracking app use. We asked: how is feminism evoked in people's talk about using menstruation tracking apps to manage their perimenopause, and how does this shape their subjectivity and practice? We focus on two feminist dilemmas related to gender, embodiment, and technology that were produced in participants’ accounts. The first, hysterical stigma versus hysterical truth, captures the tension between wanting to acknowledge the embodied challenges of perimenopause and how this acknowledgement risks evoking sexist constructions of the hormone-driven “monstrous feminine”. To resolve this dilemma, participants turned to menstruation tracking apps, orienting to the technology's promise of bodily control through self-knowledge. However, this created a second dilemma: Tracking as supportive care versus stigmatising surveillance. Here, menstruation tracking apps represent a cruel optimism, promising credibility and care, while in practice, participants found themselves rubbing up against tracking labour and stigma. In highlighting these dilemmas, we contribute to an emerging literature on how menstrual-tracking technologies can constrain, rather than expand, the possibilities for more affirmative understandings of perimenopause.

Feminism & Psychology ｜ Menstruation Tracking, Tracking Apps, Feminist Dilemmas, Bodily, Their