The types of parental monitoring practices among older elementary students and their impact on social behavior: a latent profile analysis

Objective: To investigate the different types of parental monitoring among upper-grade elementary students and their impact on social behavior. Methods: A study was conducted with 1,580 upper-grade elementary students. Self-report methods were used to measure perceived parental monitoring, while peer nomination methods were employed to assess social behavior. Data was analyzed using latent profile analysis. Results: The types of parental monitoring among upper-grade elementary students can be categorized into neglect-oriented (54%), democratic-oriented (32%), and authoritarian-oriented (14%). There were significant differences among these three types of parental monitoring in terms of prosocial behavior, aggressive behavior, and withdrawn behavior. Students with a democratic-oriented parenting style exhibited higher levels of prosocial behavior, while those with an authoritarian-oriented style showed lower levels of both aggressive and withdrawn behaviors. Conclusion…