Differences in judgments regarding the behavior of artificial intelligence and human agents in moral dilemmas: The role of gender and anxiety

With the widespread application of artificial intelligence technology, how to evaluate the behavior of artificial intelligence in moral dilemmas has become a crucial issue for public acceptance of artificial intelligence. Three experimental systems were used to investigate the differences in moral judgments between humans and artificial intelligence regarding ethical and utilitarian behaviors. The role of gender in mediating these differences was also examined. Results from Study 1 (N=474) indicated that participants generally evaluated the utilitarian behavior of artificial intelligence more positively than human behavior, while there were no significant differences in evaluations of ethical behavior between the two groups. Study 2 (N=290) involved inducing anxiety towards artificial intelligence through the reading of certain materials.