Outness Inventory: Preliminary Psychometrics in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual+ Samples in Türkiye

Coming out is a multifaceted process for lesbian, gay, and bisexual+ (LGB+) individuals, involving both self-acceptance and disclosure across social contexts. The Outness Inventory (OI) is widely used to assess disclosure, yet its psychometric properties have not been evaluated in Türkiye, where LGB+ people face stigma and minority stress. This study aimed to adapt the OI into Turkish and provide initial evidence of validity and reliability. Study 1 supported the first-order three-factor model (outness to the world, family, and religion) and confirmed a second-order general outness factor with acceptable fit and reliability. A one-way MANOVA showed no differences among gay, lesbian, and bisexual participants. Study 2 replicated the structure and tested concurrent validity through mediation analysis. Higher acceptance concerns were associated with greater internalized heterosexism, which, in turn, was associated with lower outness. Findings support the validity, reliability, and cultural relevance of the Turkish OI.